Psicodebate

Emotional and behavioral problems in premature children of preschool age who live in conditions of social vulnerability in Tucumán

Melina Elizabeth Ponce, Claudia Paola Coronel — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this research was to analyze the behavioral and emotional problems of 60 children from 2 to 5 years of age, of both sexes, born prematurely and at term, who belong to families in conditions of social vulnerability in the province of Tucumán. The Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) was used from 1 year and 6 months to 5 years and 11 months (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), a standardized instrument to record behavioral and emotional problems, considering as a theoretical framework, the applied Child Psychological Evaluation and the model of child psychopathology. The results of this study indicate a higher prevalence of emotional problems, both internalizing and externalizing, in children who were born preterm compared to their full-term peers. These data allow early identification of risk factors to implement effective and timely intervention strategies.

A new experimental paradigm for an old problem: Does our memory retrieve distant analogs or superficial matches more easily?

Ricardo Adrián Minervino, Luciana Ceccacci Sawicki, Juan Máximo Trench — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional laboratory studies show that memory items from long-term memory that share isolated entities and actions with working memory items (surface matches) are more easily retrieved than those that share only a system of abstract relations (distant analogues). More recent naturalistic studies show, however, exactly opposite results. In this work we seek to resolve this paradox through a paradigm that combines the ecological validity of naturalistic studies with the methodological control of experimental ones. We presented participants with a story that maintained superficial similarities to one popular film and structural similarities to another one. Through this method we retained from the naturalistic approach the inclusion of deeply processed base analogues, as well as the contextual and temporal separation between the learning phase and the retrieval phase. At the same time, we retain from the laboratory approach the equiprobability of retrieving distant analogues and superficial matches, as well as the possibility of distinguishing between retrieved analogues and invented ones. The results showed that superficial matches are retrieved to a much greater extent than distant analogues, suggesting that our memory does not fit an ideal information search design.

Psychometric properties of the Gaudiebility Scale for adults of Morelia in the prison population

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Gaudiebility is defined as the set of modulators that regulate the enjoyment experienced; a scale was recently generated that showed adequate psychometric properties in the general population. However, psychometric properties have not been studied in Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL). Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the internal structure and reliability of the Gaudiebility Scale for Adults of Morelia (GSAM) in PDL. The GSAM was administered to a sample of 2,048 PDL aged between 18 and 81 years (M = 35.7, SD = 10.2). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to the polychoric correlation matrix, using the Diagonal Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) estimation method and robust standard errors. Likewise, for the reliability study, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega indices were used. The results highlight that the CFA partially corroborated, χ²₍₁₆₉₎ = 947.17, p < .001, CFI= .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .07, SRMR= .06, the model of six related factors of the GSAM. The internal consistency indices of the factors (alpha values ranged from .75 to .65 and omega values from .76 to .67) and of the total scale (Cronbach's alpha of .80 and a McDonald’s omega of .67) were acceptable. Descriptive data is also offered in PDL of Michoacan (Mexico). It is concluded that the GSAM is adequate to evaluate gaudiebility in PDL adults.

Can character strengths be relate to adjustment to college? A research in Students of the Metropolitan Area and Greater Buenos Aires

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study conducted with 339 university students from the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, with an average age of 27 years. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between university adaptation across four dimensions (academic, social, personal-emotional, and institutional) and character strengths according to the Values in Action classification. The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and the Inventory of Virtues and Strengths (IVyF) were used. The results indicated that the institutional dimension, related to the acceptance of norms and motivation to complete the degree, was the highest, while emotional adaptation, associated with the ability to manage stress and personal challenges, was the lowest. The most prominent character strengths were kindness and perspective, while self-regulation and spirituality had the lowest means. Significant correlations were also found between university adaptation and certain character strengths, with vitality, persistence, social intelligence, and gratitude being associated with three or four dimensions of university adaptation simultaneously. These findings suggest that these strengths may play a crucial role in university adaptation.

Preliminary Validation of the CAPEMI-E Scale in an Adolescent Sample from Fray Bentos, Uruguay

Andrés Buschiazzo, Vanesa Góngora — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Positive traits are enduring and valued positive human characteristics that manifest themselves in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. One way to study positive traits is through a psycholexical approach. This type of approach investigates individual differences in positive traits that are encoded in the natural language of the subjects. An instrument derived from this approach is the CAPEMI-E, made in the Argentine population and whose structure of positive traits is made up of the following traits: Erudition; Joviality; Honesty; Peacefulness; Spirituality; Tenacity. The aim of this study was to validate the CAPEMI-E in Uruguayan adolescents. In addition, individual differences in these traits were analyzed as a function of gender and age. Data were collected from 400 adolescents from Fray Bentos, Uruguay. It was found that the original structure of six positive traits was not replicated. Instead, a five-trait structure was presented: Erudition, Joviality, Honesty, Peacefulness, and Spirituality with high levels of internal consistency (alphas/omegas = .66/.84). Females showed higher levels than males in the trait Honesty, and that Erudition, Peace and Honesty were the traits with the highest presence in adolescents over 16 years of age. The CAPEMI-E has proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure positive traits in Uruguayan youth. This is particularly relevant given that positive traits play a key role in the mental health and well-being of adolescents.