The Emerging Transition Design Approach

  • Terry Irwin
Palabras clave: Diseño para la Transición ; Problemas perversos ; Transiciones sociotécnicas ; Diseño sostenible

Resumen

Este documento describe el enfoque del Diseño para la transición, para abordar problemas “perversos” (como el cambio climático, la pérdida de biodiversidad, el crimen, la pobreza, la contaminación, etc.) y catalizar las transiciones sociales hacia un futuro más sostenible y deseable. Los wicked problems son “problemas de sistemas” que existen dentro de grandes sistemas sociotécnicos y, por lo tanto, requieren nuevos enfoques de resolución de problemas. El marco o framework del Diseño para la Transición reúne un conjunto de prácticas en evolución que se pueden utilizar para: (1) visualizar y “mapear” problemas complejos y sus interconexiones e interdependencias; (2) Situarlos en contextos espaciotemporales amplios; (3) identificar y superar los conflictos de los interesados y aprovechar las alineaciones; (4) facilitar a los interesados en la co-creación de visiones de futuros deseables; (5) identificar los puntos de apalancamiento dentro del gran sistema de problemas para ubicar las intervenciones de diseño. En lugar de un proceso fijo el marco del Diseño para la Transición (framework) proporciona una lógica para reunir un conjunto evolutivo de prácticas relevantes para el diseño para el cambio al nivel de los sistemas. Este documento informa sobre cómo se está probando este enfoque en un proyecto basado en la comunidad que fue informado en los cursos que suceden en el aula.

Citas

Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27 (3), 379-387. doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379

Ajzen I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behaviour. In Kuhl J. & Beckman, J. (Eds.) Action-control: From Cognition to Behaviour. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.

Amatullo, M. (Ed.). (2016). LEAP Dialogues: Career Pathways in Design for Social Innovation. Pasadena, CA: Design matters at Art Center College of Design. Amplifying Creative Communities (2010). Retrieved from Parsons DESIS Lab website: http://www.amplifyingcreativecommunities.org/#p1b

Australian Public Service Commission. (2007). Tackling Wicked Problems: A Public Policy Perspective. Commonwealth of Australia.

Bardwell, L. (1991). Problem-Framing: A Perspective on Environmental Problem-Solving. In Environmental Management, 15, 603-612.

Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Ballantine Books.

Baur, V., Elteren, A., Nierse, C. & Abma, T. (2010). Dealing with Distrust and Power Dynamics: Asymmetric Relations Among Stakeholders in Responsive Evaluation. Evaluation, 16, 233-248.

Berman, M. (1981). The Reenchantment of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Bohling, K. (2011). The Multi-Stakeholder Approach in the United Nations: Unprecedented Perhaps, but not Unexpected. Presented at Transnational Private Regulation in the Areas of Health, Environment, Social and Labor Rights. Retrieved from Technische Universitat Munchen, Lehrstuhl fur Wald- und Umweltpolitik website: https://www.wup.wi.tum.de/fileadmin/w00beh/www/Files/Boehling_TransReg_2011.pdf

Bourdieu, P. (1997). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bramwell, B. & Sharman, A. (1991). Collaboration in Local Tourism Policymaking. In Annals of Tourism Research, 26, 392-415.

Brand, S. (1999). The Clock of the Long Now: Time and Responsibility. New York: Basic.

Buchanan, R. (1995) Wicked problems in design thinking. In Margolin, V. and Buchanan, R. (Eds.) The Idea of Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Candy, S., & Dunagan, J. (2017). Designing an Experiential Scenario: The People Who Vanished. Futures, 86, 136-153. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2016.05.006.

Candy, S. & Kornet, K. (2017). A Field Guide to Ethnographic Experiential Futures. Journal of Futures Studies, June issue. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30623.97448.

Capra, F. (1996). The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems. New York, NY: Anchor Books.

Capra, F. & Luisi, L. (2014). The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Carlsson-Kanyama, A., Dreborg, K., Moll, H., & Padovan, D. (2008). Participative Backcasting: A Tool for Involving Stakeholders in Local Sustainability Planning. Futures, 40, pp 34-46.

Chatterton, P., Fuller, D., Routledge, P. (2007). Relating Action to Activism: Theoretical and Methodological Reflections. In Kindon, S., Pain, R. & Kesby, M. (Eds.), Participatory Action Research Approaches and Methods: Connecting People, Participation and Place. London: Routledge.

Clarke, M. (2002). In Search of Human Nature. New York: Routledge.

Cornwall, A., Jewkes, R. (1995). What is Participatory Research? In Social Science & Medicine, 41, 1667-1676. Coyne, R. (2005). Wicked Problems Revisited. In Design Studies, 26, pp 5-17.

Debord, G. (2002). Perspectives for Alterations in Everyday Life. In Highmore, B. (Ed.), The Everyday Life Reader. London: Routledge.

Dentoni, D. & Bitzer, V. (2015). The Role of Universities in Dealing with Global Wicked Problems Through Multi- Stakeholder Initiatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, pp 68-78. de Certeau, M. (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley: University of California

Press. Dreborg, K. (1996). Essence of Backcasting. Futures, 28, 813-828. Great Britain: Elsevier Science Ltd.

Dunne, A. & Raby, F. (2013). Speculative Everything: Design Fiction and Social Dreaming. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Forrester, J., Swartling, A. & Lonsdale, K. (2008). Stakeholder Engagement and the Work of SEI: An Empirical Study. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute.

Gaziulusoy, I. & Brezet, H. (2015). Design for System Innovations and Transitions: A Conceptual Framework Integrating Insights from Sustainability Science and Theories of System Innovations and Transitions. In Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, pp 558-568.

Geels, F. (2006). Major System Change Through Stepwise Reconfiguration: A Multi-Level Analysis of the Transformation of American Factory Production. InTechnology in Society, 28, pp 445-476.

Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC). (2015). Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Conflict Prevention & Peacebuilding: A Manual. GPPAC.

Grimble, R. & Wellard, K. (1997). Stakeholder Methodologies in Natural Resource Management: A Review of Principles, Contexts, Experiences and Opportunities. In Agricultural Systems, 55, pp 173-193.

Grin, J., Rotmans, J. & Schot, J. (2010). Conceptual Framework for Analzying Transitions. In Transition to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change. New York: Routledge.

Helmerich, N. & Malets, O. (2011). The Multi-Stakeholder Approach in the United Nations: Unprecedented Perhaps, But not Unexpected. Presented at Transnational Private Regulation in the Areas of Health, Environment, Social and Labor Rights conference. Retrieved from the Technische Universitat Munchen website: https://www.wup.wi.tum.de/fileadmin/w00beh/www/Files/Boehling_TransReg_2011.pdf

Hemmati, M. (2002). Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability: Beyond Deadlock and Conflict. Earthscan Publications, London.

Hughes, L., Steffen, W. (2013). The Critical Decade: Climate Change Science, Risks and Responses. Australia: Climate Commission Secreteriat.

Incropera, F. (2016). Climate change: a wicked problem: complexity and uncertainty at the intersection of science, economic, politics and human behaviour. New York, US: Cambridge University Press.

Author. (2011a). Design for a Sustainable Future. In Hershauer, J., Basile, G. & McNall, S. (Eds.), The Business of Sustainability:Trends, Policies, Practices and Stories of Success, pp. 41-60. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. Author. (2011b). Wicked Problems and the Relationship Triad. In Harding, S. (Ed.), Grow Small, Think Beautiful. Edinburgh: Floris Books.

Author. (2015). Transition Design: A Proposal for a New Area of Design Practice, Study and Research. In Design and Culture Journal, 7, 229-246.

Author, Tonkinwise, C. & Kossoff, G. (2015). Transition Design: An Educational Framework for Advancing the Study and Design of Sustainable Transitions. Presented at the STRN Conference, University of Sussex. Available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/15283122/Transition_Design_An_Educational_Framework_for_Advancing_the_Study_and_Design_of_Sustainable_Transitions_presented_at_the_STRN_conference _2015_Sussex_Author (2017). Mapping Ojai’s Water Shortage: A Workshop. Unpublished report, retrieved from Academia.edu website: https://www.academia.edu/30968737/Mapping_Ojais_Water_Shortage_The_First_Workshop_January_2017

Jana, R. (2010, March). IDEO’s Tim Brown on Using Design to Change Behavior. The Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/03/design-to-change-behavior-tips

Jensen, L (Ed.). (2017). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2017. New York, NY: United Nations. Kearney, M. (1984). Worldview. Novator: Chandler & Sharp.

Klein, J. (1993). Blurring, Cracking, and Crossing: Permeation and the Fraction of Discipline. In Messer-Davidow, E., Shumway, D., & Sylvan, D. (Eds.), Knowledges: Historical and Critical Studies in Disciplinarity. Charolottsville, NC: University Press of Virginia.

Kossoff, Gideon, 2011. Holism and the Reconstruction of Everyday Life: A Framework for Transition to a Sustainable Society. In Harding, S. (Ed.), Grow Small, Think Beautiful. Edinburgh: Floris Books.

Kossoff, G., Tonkinwise, C. & Author. (2015). The Importance of Everyday Life and Lifestyles as a Leverage Point for Sustainability Transitions. Presented at the STRN Conference, University of Sussex. Available on Academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/15403946/Transition_Design_The_Importance_of_Everyday_Life_and_Lifestyl es_as_a_Leverage_Point_for_Sustainability_Transitions_presented_at_the_STRN_Conference_2015_Susse x_

Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kuijer, L. & De Jong, A. (2011). Practice Theory and Human-Centered Design: A Sustainable Bathing Example. In Proceedings Nordic Design Research Conference (NORDES). Helsinki: Aalto University.

Lakoff, G. (2004). Don’t Think of an Elephant! Know your Values and Frame the Debate. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green.

Lawhon, M. & Murphy, T. (2011). Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions: Insights from political ecology. In Progress in Human Geography, 36, 354-378.

Lent, J. (2017, May). A House on Shaky Ground: Eight Structural Flaws of the Western Worldview. Retrieved from Tikkun website: http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/a-houseon-shaky-ground-eight-structural-flaws-of-the-western-worldview.

Lefebvre, H. (1991). Critique of Everday Life: Foundations for a Sociology of the Everyday, Vol. 1. London: Verso. Lindley, J. & Coulton, P. (2016). Pushing the Limits of Design Fiction:

The Case For Fictional Research Papers. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI ‘16. New York, NY, USA: ACM: 4032–4043. doi:10.1145/2858036.2858446

Loew, P. (2014). Seventh Generation Earth Ethics. Madison. WI: Wisconsin Historical SocietyPress.

Lockton, D., Harrison, D., Cain, R., Stanton, N., & Jennings, P. (2013). Exploring ProblemFraming Through Behavioral Heuristics. In International Journal of Design, 7, 37-53.

Manzini, E. (2015). Design, When Everybody Designs: An Introduction to Design for Social Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mason, S. & Rychard, S. (2005). Conflict Analysis Tools. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, SDC. Retrieved from the SDC website: http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special- interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/Conflict-Analysis-Tools.pdf

Max-Neef, M. (1991). Human Scale Development: Conception, Application and Further Reflections. New York, NY: Apex. Retrieved from http://www.wtf.tw/ref/max-neef.pdf.

Meadows, D. (1999). Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System. Hartland, VT: The Sustainability Institute.

Mumford, L. (1971). The Myth of the Machine: Pentagon of Power. London: Secker & Warburg. Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Niedderer, K., Cain, R., Lockton, D., Ludden, G., Mackrill, J., & Morris, A. (2014). Creating Sustainable Innovation through Design for Behaviour Change: A Full Report. London, UK: The Arts & Humanities Research Council.

Norman, D. & Stappers, P. (2016). DesignX: Complex Sociotechnical Systems. In She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics and Innovation, 1, pp 83-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2016.01.002

Orr, D. (2002). The Nature of Design: Ecology, Culture and Human Intension. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Penin, L. (2010). Amplifying Creative Communities in New York City. Cumulus Proceedings, Cumulus Shanghai Conference. Retrieved from: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30857482/Cumulus_Proceedings_Shanghai.pdf?AW SAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1503862148&Signature=q4nPD9Alh53zTYwlpwyIKq3rRIc%3D&response-content- disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D2010_Designing_sustainable_sanitation_th.pdf#page=447

Porritt, J. (2013). The World We Made: Alex McKay’s Story from 2050. New York: Phaidon.

Quist, J. & Vergragt, P. (2006). Past and Future of Backcasting: The Shift to Stakeholder Participation and a Proposal for a Methodological Framework. In Futures, 38, pp10-27–1045.

Rawolle, M., Schultheiss, O., Strasser, A. & Kehr, H. 2016. The Motivating Power of Visionary Images: Effects on Motivation, Affect and Behavior. In Journal of Personality, December.

Reed, M., Graves, A., Dandy, N. Stringer, C. (2009). Who’s in and Why? A Typology of Stakeholder Analysis Methods for Natural Resource Management. In Journal of Environmental Management, 90, p 1933-1949.

Rittel, H. & Webber, M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. In Policy

Sciences, 4, 155-69. Ritzer, G. (2004). The McDonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

Robinson, J. (1982). Energy Backcasting: A Proposed Method of Policy Analysis. In Energy

Policy, 10, 337-344. Rotmans, J. & Kemp, R. (2003). Managing Societal Transitions: Dilemmas and Uncertainties:The Dutch Energy Case Study. Report from an OECD Workshop on the Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/netherlands/2483769.pdf

Sanders, E. & Stappers, P. (2008). Co-Creation and the New Landscapes of Design. In CoDesign, 4, pp 5-18. DOI: 10.1080/15710880701875068.

Scott, K., Bakker, C., & Quist, J. (2011). Designing Change by Living Change. In Design Studies Journal, 33, 279-297.

Scott, J. (1998). Seeing Like a State. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Sharpe, Bill. (2013). Three Horizons: The Patterning of Hope. Axminster, UK: Triarchy Press.

Shove, E., Walker, G. (2010). Governing Transitions in the Sustainability of Everyday Life. In Research Policy, 39, 471-476.

Shove, E., Pantzar, M., & Watson, M. (2012). The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday Life and How it Changes. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Simon M., & Rychard, S. (2005). Conflict Analysis Tools. Retrieved from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) website http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/Conflict-Analysis-Tools.pdf

SPREAD. (2012a). Sustainable Lifestyles: Today’s Facts & Tomorrow’s Trends. Report funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme. Retrieved from http://www.sustainable-lifestyles.eu/fileadmin/images/content/D1.1_Baseline_Report.pdf

SPREAD. (2012b). EU Sustainable Lifestyles Roadmap and Action Plan 2050. Report funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme. Retrieved from http://www.sustainable-lifestyles.eu/fileadmin/images/content/Roadmap.pdf

SPREAD. (2012c). Scenarios for Sustainable Lifestyles 2050: From Global Champions to

Local Loops. Report funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme. Retrieved from http://www.sustainable-lifestyles.eu/fileadmin/images/content/D4.1_FourFutureScenarios.pdf

Sterling, B. (2005). Shaping Things. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Trist, E. & Murray, H., (Eds.). (1993). The Social Engagement of Social Science, Vol. 2, The Socio-Technical Perspective. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Toulmin,

S. (1990). Cosmopolis. New York: The Free Press. Wageningen University. (2017). Needs-Fears Mapping. Retrieved 8.26.17 from Wageningen

University website: http://www.managingforimpact.org/tool/needs-fears-mapping

Wheatley, M., & Kellner-Rogers, M. (1996). A Simpler Way. San Francisco, CA: BerrettKoehler Publishers. Winterhouse Institute. (2017). Social Design Pathways. Retrieved from http://winterhouseinstitute.squarespace.com/pathways/

Woodhouse, M. (1996). Paradigm Wars: Worldviews for a New Age. Berkeley: Frog.

Publicado
2020-08-27
Cómo citar
Irwin, T. (2020). The Emerging Transition Design Approach. Cuadernos Del Centro De Estudios De Diseño Y Comunicación, (87). https://doi.org/10.18682/cdc.vi87.3762