Bioinspired mathematical model to establish complex patterns for parametric facades
Abstract
The facade is the skin that filters and promotes the interaction between the interior and exterior of the building. During its conception process, one must understand environmental patterns, observe the incident climate, and propose solutions that consider the use of the building and take advantage of the climate´s opportunities, filtering advantages and disadvantages. Facades are composed of opaque and transparent elements, closed and open, and the openings are the elements that promote the greatest connection between the external and internal environments. Recent design explorations consider parametric modeling and digital fabrication as strategies to establish and manufacture complex facade solutions. Nevertheless, these solutions often disregard their selective filtering function, thus the solutions are established frequently through aesthetic requirements. The complexity of modeling the building skin solution associated with performance requirements hinders an approach compatible with bioclimatology, efficiency, and biomimetic requirements, as it increases the mathematical problem complexity for optimization processes associated with environmental characteristics. This paper presents a mathematical model inspired by nature and its principles to simplify form-finding processes of complex solutions in responsive facades. The result features a flexible simplified algorithm capable of generating patterns for any kind of shading devices and/or opening solution, in order to facilitate the modeling and optimization processes of facade solutions. The generated algorithm is applied using Python script, Grasshopper and Rhinoceros 3D.
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