Validación de la escala CAPEMI-E: Un estudio preliminar en una muestra de adolescentes de Fray Bentos, Uruguay
Resumen
Los rasgos positivos son características positivas humanas duraderas y valoradas que se manifiestan en pensamientos, sentimientos y comportamientos. Una forma de estudiar los rasgos positivos es a través de un enfoque psicoléxico. En este tipo de abordaje se investigan las diferencias individuales de los rasgos positivos que se encuentran codificados en la lengua natural de los sujetos. Un instrumento que deriva de este enfoque es el CAPEMI-E, confeccionado en población argentina y cuya estructura de rasgos positivos se encuentra conformada por los rasgos: Erudición, Jovialidad, Honestidad, Paz, Espiritualidad, Tenacidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el CAPEMI-E en adolescentes de Uruguay. Además, se analizaron diferencias individuales de estos rasgos en función del género y la edad. Se recolectaron datos de 400 adolescentes de Fray Bentos, Uruguay. Se encontró que la estructura original de seis rasgos positivos no se replicaba. En su lugar, se presentó una estructura de cinco rasgos: Erudición, Jovialidad, Honestidad, Paz y Espiritualidad con adecuados niveles de consistencia interna (alfas/omegas = .66/.84). Las mujeres mostraron niveles más elevados que los hombres en el rasgo Honestidad, y que Erudición, Paz y Honestidad fueron los rasgos con mayor presencia en los adolescentes mayores de 16 años. El CAPEMI-E ha demostrado ser una herramienta válida y confiable para medir rasgos positivos en jóvenes uruguayos. Esto es particularmente relevante, dado que los rasgos positivos juegan un papel clave en la salud mental y el bienestar de los adolescentes.
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