Las perspectivas de futuro y sus vinculaciones con el bienestar y la resiliencia en adolescentes

Alicia Omar

doi:10.18682/pd.v7i0.432

Alicia Omar CONICET

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v7i0.432

Palabras clave: bienestar subjetivo, perspectivas de futuro, resiliencia, factores protectivos, adolescentes

Resumen

Estudios previos (Omar, 2005; Omar, Uribe & Maltaneres, 2005), han mostrado claras relaciones entre bienestar subjetivo y resiliencia. Sin embargo, en tales oportunidades se ha considerado a la resiliencia como un constructo global. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar las posibles relaciones entre los componentes de la resiliencia, el bienestar subjetivo y las perspectivas de futuro. Metodología: se trabajó con una muestra por disponibilidad de 198 adolescentes argentinos (105 mujeres y 93 varones), alumnos de nivel medio, cuyas edades oscilaron entre 14 y 19 años. La totalidad de la muestra respondió un cuadernillo integrado por la Escala de Resiliencia (Wagnild & Young, 1993), la Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo (Nagpal & Sell, 1992) y tres ítems diseñados para explorar las perspectivas de futuro en los planos académico, laboral y familiar. Desarrollo: análisis correlacionales indicaron correlaciones positivas significativas entre cada componentes de la resiliencia (Realización personal, Autodeterminación y Adaptación) con específicas dimensiones del bienestar subjetivo. A su vez, los componentes de la resiliencia y las dimensiones del bienestar subjetivo mostraron correlaciones significativas con perspectivas positivas de futuro. No se registraron diferencias significativas debidas al género de los participantes frente a ninguna de las variables exploradas. Resultados: Las vinculaciones de cada una de las facetas de la resiliencia con el bienestar subjetivo estarían indicando que el apoyo emocional dentro del hogar y los intercambios sociales positivos dentro de la escuela influirían significativamente sobre la capacidad de los adolescentes para afrontar situaciones amenazantes y salir fortalecidos. A su vez, la orientación hacia el futuro podría considerarse un nuevo factor protectivo. Se discuten las implicancias sociales, familiares y educacionales de tales resultados. Se propone una agenda diseñada para aumentar la comprensión de las interrelaciones entre resiliencia, bienestar y perspectivas de futuro.

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