El sobreviviente en documentales sobre juicios por violación a los derechos humanos en Argentina. Una aproximación a la construcción identitaria

Abstract

The objective of this work is taking a route over the image of the “survivor” which is constructed on documentary films that represent the trials for violation of human rights during the last civic-military dictatorship in Argentina. Since the middle of the 80’s to this day we can see displacements on the image represented on audiovisuals around the survivor. This is attach with collective processes of identification, where the “other” works as a referential frame, allowing the subjects legitimize themselves in the same opposition from differentiation. On a first moment, survivors have a name but no a face, on the trials to the boards (1985) they are witnesses back to the camera, with an identity ascription associated to the personal identity which shows them as victims of different tortures and harassment, devoid of interests, compromises and fights. With time pass political affiliation is restored to the disappeared detainees, they are approached as subjects framed on ideological fights and social interactions, by this way the identity of the subject become more complex, it is approached as a contextualized social actor. The audiovisual documentaries corpus that represent the trials for human rights violation during the last civic-military dictatorship in Argentina it’s constituted by: “Señores, ¡de pie!” (1986); “El juicio” (1989); “El juicio que cambió al país” (1995); “ESMA: el día del juicio” (1998); “Juicio a las Juntas. El Nüremberg argentino” (2002); “Los días del juicio” (2010); “Proyecciones de la memoria” (2011). This article will investigate the construction of survivor’s identity, from the analysis reflection of these audiovisual registers, addressing as a collective subject, understanding that the reflection around the survivors is necessary as a task towards to the past but also to the present of the human rights, the justice and the memory.