Hacia una integración de los paradigmas positivos y de enfermedad en la prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes

Vanesa C. Góngora

doi:10.18682/pd.v10i0.401

Vanesa C. Góngora CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v10i0.401

Palabras clave: Prevención, Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, Intervención, Psicología Positiva, Adolescentes

Resumen

La problemática referida a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria es altamente relevante en la adolescencia y requiere de tareas de intervención a través de la implementación de programas de prevención y promoción de la salud. Pocos programas de prevención primaria de trastornos alimentarios han alcanzado resultados satisfactorios. Los resultados más exitosos se han obtenido con aproximaciones que promueven una visión crítica de los medios, la utilización de la disonancia cognitiva y el fortalecimiento de la autoestima. Dado que muchos de los programas basados en el modelo de enfermedad han fallado en prevenir tales dificultades, se puede pensar las tareas de prevención de los trastornos alimentarios tomando los aportes de la Psicología Positiva. Diferentes estudios han demostrado que las intervenciones basadas en este paradigma son eficaces para aumentar la sensación de felicidad y bienestar subjetivo. A diferencia de la aproximación tradicional que trabaja con la identificación de factores de riesgo y protectores de la salud, desde la Psicología Positiva se enfatiza la identificación y promoción de aspectos saludables. Las intervenciones asumen que fortaleciendo lo positivo, se debilita lo disfuncional o negativo. La integración de ambos aportes permitirá un enriquecimiento del abordaje promoviendo conductas saludables en adolescentes.

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