¿Son eficaces las psicoterapias psicológicas?
Resumen
Las psicoterapias psicologicas han tenido un importante desarrollo durante gran parte del siglo XX. Sin embargo, pese a la gran demanda de psicoterapia por parte de la sociedad, se sabe muy poco acerca de la validez de los tratamientos. Este trabajo revisa la literatura empírica referente a la efectividad y eficacia de las diferentes escuelas de psicoterapia. Se analizan los problemas relacionados con la construcción de diseños de investigacion apropiados y la dificultad para trasladar los hallazgos de investigación a la práctica clínica concreta y a la gestión de políticas de salud. Se distinguen las investigaciones centradas en los resultados y en el proceso terapeutico, estableciendo la importancia de distinguir entre factores especíificos y comunes a todas las escuelas de psicoterapia. Se sintetiza la validez empírica de los tratamientos clinicos para cada trastorno psicológico especifico y las investigaciones realizadas para verificar la efectividad de los abordajes psicodinamicos, cognitivos, conductuales y experienciales.
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