Problemáticas experimentales en la investigación con emociones y su evaluación en población infantil
Resumen
El campo de la investigación en emociones ha crecido considerablemente, y su evaluación se ha convertido en uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación en la psicología contemporánea. Sin embargo, la medición de las emociones presenta un conjunto de dificultades, algunas de carácter más general y compartidas con otros constructos psicológicos, y otras de naturaleza específica, propias del campo de estudio. En este trabajo se analizan los aspectos metodológicos de la investigación en emociones, la selección de estímulos elicitadores de emociones y las diferencias asociadas a la edad. Sobre la base de este análisis se plantea un enfoque integrador de los modelos discreto y dimensional de las emociones y la utilización de diferentes herramientas de medición para poder registrar los distintos niveles de la respuesta emocional. Además, se propone la utilización de bases de estímulos visuales estandarizadas como herramienta más eficiente para elicitar emociones, y la necesidad de contar con una base extensa y apropiada para el trabajo con población infantil. Finalmente se toman en cuenta aspectos éticos tanto para el procedimiento como para la selección de estímulos emocionales en niños.
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