Inhibición: una función ejecutiva difícil de medir. Algunas problemáticas en relación con las pruebas de inhibición informatizadas

Yesica Aydmune; Isabel Introzzi

doi:10.18682/pd.v18i2.741

Yesica Aydmune
Isabel Introzzi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v18i2.741

Palabras clave: inhibición, validez, confiabilidad, pruebas informatizadas

Resumen

Actualmente se considera a la inhibición como una de las principales funciones ejecutivas y se la vincula con diversas habilidades fundamentales a lo largo del ciclo vital. Asimismo, existe un importante debate sobre su estructura y naturaleza, destacándose perspectivas que la conciben como un constructo unitario y otras que plantean una familia de procesos inhibitorios. De las perspectivas teóricas se deriva una serie de tareas destinadas a medir inhibición sobre las que también se ha extendido el debate. Dentro de este conjunto de tareas, aquellas con un formato informatizado reciben un importante interés, puesto que su empleo ha crecido, producto de la revolución tecnológica y las ventajas que conllevan en el proceso de administración y registro. Entre los ejes en torno a los cuales se desarrolla el debate se destaca la confiabilidad y la validez de las pruebas. Por ello este trabajo pretende –mediante una revisión no sistemática– reunir y analizar los siguientes aspectos: (1) Factores que pueden afectar la confiabilidad de las tareas inhibitorias informatizadas. Se abordan factores vinculados a características de las tareas (como las aplicaciones a través de las que se desarrollan, la calidad del instrumento, la organización de los diferentes ensayos o condiciones y el empleo de índices de desempeño poco fiables), su administración y las características de los participantes (considerando la familiaridad con el uso de computadoras, la motivación, la fatiga y la práctica); (2) Problemáticas vinculadas a la validez de estas tareas, específicamente asociadas a la validez de constructo y validez convergente. Aquí se aborda la falta de acuerdo sobre aquello que miden algunas tareas inhibitorias informatizadas, la impureza de las tareas y la dificultad para encontrar diferentes actividades que midan el mismo proceso inhibitorio. Se concluye con algunas consideraciones para la construcción y la aplicación de tareas inhibitorias informatizadas, que derivan de los temas revisados.

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