Analysis of Unidimensionality and Bidimensionality Rivals Models of Brief Self-Control Scale in Argentinean University Students
Abstract
The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) is a broad used measure to assess self-control. However, there is a lack of agreement about its internal structure. Therefore, in this study we carried several confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) to compare unidimensionality and bidimensionality structures, on a sample of 848 Argentinian college students (663 female and 185 male), aged between 18 And 30 years old. Additionally, we made internal consistency analysis, and we obtained the contrast group validity. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the unidimensional post-hoc model designed by Tangney, Baumeister and Boone (2004) possess the best psychometric properties, therefore is can be considered a valid and reliable instrument to use in academic research.Downloads
References
Bentler, P. M. (2006). EQS 6 Structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software, Inc.
Brevers, D., Foucart, J., Verbanck, P., & Turel, O. (2017). Examination of the validity and reliability of the French versionof the Brief Self-Control Scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 49(4), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000086
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Second Edition. Hillsdate, NJ: LEA. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830330104
Cupani, M. (2012). Análisis de ecuaciones estructurales: conceptos, etapas de desarrollo y un ejemplo de aplicación. Revista Tesis, 1, 186-199.
De Ridder, D., De Boer, B., Lugtig, P., Bakker, A., & Van Hooft, E. (2011). Not doing bad things is not equivalent to doing the right thing: Distinguishing between inhibitory and initiatory self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1006–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.015
De Ridder, D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C. F., Stok, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012).Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 76–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418749
Duckworth, A. L., Gendler, T. S., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Situational strategies for self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(1), 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615623247
Duckworth, A. L. & Kern, M. L. (2011). A meta-Analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004
Ferrari, J. R., Stevens, E. B., & Jason, L. A. (2009). The relationship of self-control and abstinence maintenance: An exploratory analysis of self-regulation. Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery, 4, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15560350802712371
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Garrido, S., Cupani, M., & Arbach, K. (2017). Aplicación del Modelo de Escala de Clasificación Para Examinar las Propiedades Psicométricas de la Self-Control Scale. Psykhe, 26(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.26.2.980
George, D. & Mallery, P. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics 21 step by step: A simple guide and reference (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Job, V., Friese, M., & Bernecker, K. (2015). Effects of practicing self-control on academic performance. Motivation Science, 1(4), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000024
Konttinen, H., Haukkala, A., Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, S., Silventoinen, K., & Jousilahti, P. (2009). Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating. Appetite, 53(1), 131-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.001
Lindner, C., Nagy, G., & Retelsdorf, J. (2015). The dimensionality of the Brief Self-Control Scale—An evaluation of unidimensional and multidimensional applications. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 465-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.006
Ludwig, V. U., Stelzel, C., Krutiak, H., Prunkl, C. E., Steimke, R., Paschke, L. M., … & Walter, H. (2013). Impulsivity, self-control, and hypnotic suggestibility. Consciousness and cognition, 22(2), 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.04.001
Maloney, P. W., Grawitch, M. J., & Barber, L. K. (2012). The multi-factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.001
Malouf, E., Stuewig, J., & Tangney, J. (2012). Self-control and jail inmates' substance misuse post-release: Mediation by friends' substance use and moderation by age. Addictive Behaviors, 37(11), 1198-1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.013
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Morean, M. E., DeMartini, K. S., Leeman, R. F., Pearlson, G. D., Anticevic, A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., ... & O’Malley, S. S. (2014). Psychometrically improved, abbreviated versions of three classic measures of impulsivity and self-control. Psychological assessment, 26(3), 1003-1020. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000003
Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38, 171–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2011). Mplus user’s guide (5th ed.) Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Prado, C. E., Treeby, M. S., & Crowe, S. F. (2015). Examining relationships between facial emotion recognition, self-control, and psychopathic traits in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.013
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Osterlind, S. J. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72, 271–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Turanovic, J. J., Reisig, M. D., & Pratt, T. C. (2015). Risky lifestyles, low self-control, and violent victimization across gendered pathways to crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(2), 183-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9230-9
Unger, A., Bi, C., Xiao, Y. Y., & Ybarra, O. (2016). The revising of the Tangney Self-Control Scale for Chinese students. PsyCh journal, 5(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.128
Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (2016). Anuario estadístico 2016. Cordoba: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
Visser, L., de Winter, A. F., Veenstra, R., Verhulst, F. C., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2013). Alcohol use and abuse in young adulthood: Do self-control and parents' perceptions of friends during adolescence modify peer influence? The TRAILS study. Addictive Behaviors, 38(12), 2841-2846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.013
Will Crescioni, A., Ehrlinger, J., Alquist, J. L., Conlon, K. E., Baumeister, R. F., Schatschneider, C., & Dutton, G. R. (2011). High trait self-control predicts positive health behaviors and success in weight loss. Journal of health psychology, 16(5), 750-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310390247
Yu C. Y. & Muthén B. (2002). Evaluation of model fit indices for latent variable models with categorical and continuous outcomes (Technical Report). Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, Graduate School of Education & Information Studie
Zinbarg, R. E., Revelle, W., Yovel, I., & Li. W. (2005). Cronbach's Alpha, Revelle's Beta, McDonald's Omega: Their relations with each and two alternative conceptualizations of reliability. Psychometrika. 70, 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-003-0974-7
Zinbarg, R. E., Yovel, I., Revelle, W., & McDonald, R. (2006). Estimating generalizability to a universe of indicators that all have one attribute in common: A comparison of estimators for omega. Applied Psychological Measurement, 30, 121-144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621605278814
Authors who publish with this journal agree to grant Psicodebate copyright and right of publication and accept the work being licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the authors and Psicodebate.
