Work engagement y su relación con la performance y la satisfacción laboral
Resumen
El presente trabajo, basado en los aportes de la Psicología Organizacional Positiva (POP), consistió en un análisis del concepto de Work Engagement. Por un lado, se buscó explorar las concepciones que tienen personas con personal a cargo sobre el work engagement mediante entrevistas realizadas a 38 voluntarios de la población general de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el conurbano bonaerense (18 hombres, 47.37%; 20 mujeres, 52.63%). La edad promedio fue de 49.87 años (DE = 9.48). Del análisis de contenido realizado se obtuvieron una serie de categorías que reflejan concepciones acerca del engagement. Por ejemplo, los participantes consideraron que las personas con engagement son aquellas que muestran dedicación, motivación y son responsables. A su vez, se buscó evaluar la relación que presenta el engagement con la performance y la satisfacción laboral, así como examinar diferencias según género, edad y antigüedad laboral. La segunda muestra constó de 100 voluntarios de población general (52 hombres, 52%; 48 mujeres, 48%), que trabajan como empleados en organizaciones públicas y privadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y el conurbano bonaerense. La edad promedio fue de 31.82 años (DE = 10.18). Se aplicó la Escala de Compromiso con el Trabajo (ECT) y escalas diseñadas ad hoc para evaluar performance laboral (individual y organizacional) y satisfacción laboral. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones positivas entre las tres dimensiones de work engagement (atención, absorción y energía) y la performance laboral (individual y organizacional) así como una asociación positiva entre las dimensiones de atención y energía con la satisfacción laboral. Asimismo, se obtuvieron diferencias según género en las dimensiones absorción y energía a favor de las mujeres. Dichos resultados son de fundamental importancia en el campo aplicado, dada la asociación de la variable psicológica estudiada –engagement– con la obtención de óptimos resultados en el terreno laboral.
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